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(名词解析)

委婉语(euphemism)

正确答案

委婉语是一种婉转、令人愉悦的、较为高雅的言语以替代可能冒犯对方的那些不礼貌、不尊重人的表达方式。在英语社会中,当人们谈论“死亡”时,他们往往回避使用“die”,而用toblackout,dodoone’sbit,tocheckout,tokickthebucket,topassaway,tolaydownone’slife等。在英语言社会中,“肥胖”也是一个禁忌词,因此人们创造了一系列的委婉语,在商店里,肥胖女人的服装被称之为:women’ssizes,fullsizes,halfsizes,hardtofit;sizesforthefull-figured,sizesforhandsomewomen,sizesforBiggals,sizesforthefull-bodies,thematurefiguresizes,GrandeDamesizes.我们只要看一下以英语为母语的人所创造的有关“厕所”的委婉词,我们就可以知道他们是多么羞于谈论这个话题:altarroom,amenity,buoys,bathroom,bath,can,chamberofcommerce,comfortstation,commode,gents,going,gulls,half-bath,head,hisandhers,john,knightsanddamsels,ladies,lav.,lavettee,littlegirls’room,littleboys’room,necessarium,privy,poet’scorner,pot,potty,powderroom,,restrooms,signore,signorina,thefacilities,toilet,watercloset,washroom等。委婉语的作用有明显的时效性,使用过度也会使委婉语受到污染失去委婉的作用,从而不得不创造新的委婉语来取代受到污染的委婉语。这也是为什么英语中会有大量的表示厕所的单词的原因,如toilet,WC,powderroomMen’sRoom,Ladies’Room,Gentlemen,bathroomrestroom等。委婉语的过度使用也有其消极的效果,它们中的许多成了陈词滥调;过多地使用委婉语会使得言语表达臃肿,累赘,给人一种胆怯的感觉;同时委婉语的语义模糊,会掩饰说话人的真实意图,因此具有欺骗性。

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